Virtual Centre for Industrial & Process Tomography

The Second World Congress on Industrial Process Tomography was held at the Courtyard by Marriot Hotel, Hannover, Germany, August 29th to 31st 2001.

Over the four day programme, 124 delegtes registered, 95 papers and 5 invited overviews were presented.

Sessions were arranged into 3 themes:

• Applications,
• Hardware and
• Software.

Tomography Prize

The prize for best paper was awarded to A J Jaworski and T Dyakowski for their paper, "Tomographic Measurements of Solids Mass Flow in Pneumatic Conveying. What Do We Need to Know About the Flow Physics?"

Overview I

Process Imaging: What Industry Wants
D Scott

Software I: Electrical Capacitance Tomography

Reconstruction Algorithms for Permittivity and Conductivity Imaging
W R B Lionheart

Use of Raw Capacitance Tomography Data for Flow Pattern Control
L F C Jeanmeure, T Dyakowski, W B J Zimmerman, G Baker

New Reconstruction Algorithm for Electrical Capacitance Tomography
T Loser, R Wajman, D Mewes

Comparison of Three Image Reconstruction Algorithms for Electrical Capacitance Tomography
S Liu, L Fu, W Q Yang

Using Principal Componant Analysis to Measure Two-Phase Flow Concentration
L Zhou, Y C Zhang, D Y Yao, L H Peng, B F Zhang

Filtering in Image Reconstruction for Electrical Capacitance Tomography
S M Ge, W Q Yang

Visualization of Time-Space Dominant Particle from CT Images Using 3D Wavelets Transform - Comparison Between Non-Choking and Pseudo Choking
M Takei, H Li, M Ochi, Y Saito, K Horii, T Dyakowski

Regularization Based Image Reconstruction of Electrical Capacitance Tomography
L H Peng, D Y Yao, B F Zhang

Hardware I: Microwave, T-Ray and X-Ray Systems

2.45GHz Mircowave Camera for ISM Applicatons
A Joisel, J Ch Bolomey

X-ray Fluorescence Auto Projection Tomography (X-FAPT)
K I Dietzel, G A Johansen, H McCann

High-Resolution Microtomograph (Micro-CT)
A Sasov

Dual Energy X-Ray Tomography in Process Engineering - A Non-Intrusive Technique to Characterise Vertical Multiphase Flows
T Grassler, K E Wirth

A New Cone Beam X-ray Microtomography Facility for 3D Analysis of Multiphase Materials
C L Lin, J D Miller

X-Ray Microtomography : a New Tool to Follow Soft Material Shrinkage During Convective Drying
A Léonard, S Blacher, P Marchot, M Crine

Radar Imaging of the Natural Environment
S J Lane, R O Mackin, A Binley, H Pinkerton, R Middleton, A Peyton

The Clinical Need for a Dental CAT-Scan
G C Bushway

Overview II

Tomography and Velocimetry for Multiphase Reactors: A USA Perspective
M H Al-Dahhan, M P Dudukovic

Applications I: Mixing and Flow Measurement

Imaging of Steel Profiles within a Pouring Nozzle
R Binns, A R A Lyons, A J Peyton

Measurement of the Angular Velocity Distribution in Miscible Liquid Mixing Using Electrical Resistance Tomography
M Wang, W Yin

Dual-Validation of Miscible Liquid Mixing in a Stirred Vessel Imaged by Electrical Resistance Tomography (ERT)
S J Stanley, E Wabo, R Mann, K Primrose

Application of Electrical Resistance Tomography (ERT) to Monitor a Flow - Follower in a Stirred Vessel
K. Salem, K. Kling, R Mann

Multiphase Flow Regime Identification by Multibeam Gamma-Ray Densitometry
S A Tjugum, G A Johansen

The Application of Electrical Resistance Tomography to a Large Volume Production Pressure Filter
B D Grieve, Q Smit, R Mann, T A York

Electrical Resistance Tomography (ERT) Imaging of a Metal-Walled Solid-Liquid Filter
E L Yuen, R Mann, T A York, B D Grieve

Utilizing Internal Electrodes in Volume Fraction Estimation by Electrical Process Tomography
L M Heikkinen, M Vauhkonen, T Savolainen, J P Kaipio

State Estimation in Three Dimensional Impedance Imaging - Use of Fluid Dynamical Evolution Models
A Seppänen, M Vauhkonen, P J Vauhkonen, E Somersalo, J P Kaipio

Hardware II: Optical and Electromagnetic Systems

Optical Interferometric and Dual Wavelength Photometric Tomographic Methods
D Mewes, K Kling

Assessment of The Basic Metrological Properties of an Optical Tomograph at the Gas-Bubble Measurement
M R Rzasa, B Dobrowolski

Chemical Species Tomography of Sprays of Volatile Hydrocarbons by Near Infra-Red Absorption
H McCann, S J Carey, F P Hindle, K B Ozanyan, D E Winterbone, E Clough

Magnetic Induction Tomography - New Imaging Method in Biomedicine
A V Korjenevsky, V A Cherepenin, S A Sapetsky

Multi-Excitation-Mode Electromagnetic Tomography (EMT) System
M He, Z Liu, L J Xu, L-A Xu

A Modified Electromagnetic Flowmeter for In-line Monitoring of Rheological Parameters
A Hans

Fast Industrial Computed Tomography and its Applications
S Gondrom, M Maisl, S Schröpfer, T Wenzel, M Purschke

Custom Silicon for Finite Element Modelling
M Komarudin, T A York, W R B Lionheart

The Flow of Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Fluids in Porous Solid Matrices Described Particularly by Magnetic Resonance Tomography
C Heinen, G Guthausen, H Buggisch

Overview III

Recent Commercial Developments in Ultrasound Imaging
G Hetzel

Applications II: Porous Materials, Pastes and Powders

Multiple Radioactive Particle Tracking in Fluidized Beds Using Gamma Cameras
A Kantzas, C L Hyndman, K Hamilton, L Schober, I Wright

Electrical Impedance Imaging of Paste During Extrusion
R M West, Y Wu, D M Scott, G Sunshine, B S Hoyle, J Kostuch, C N McLeod, R A Williams

Using Electrical Capacitance Tomography to Monitor Gas Voids in a Packed Bed of Solids
R B White

A Study of the Mixing Characteristics of a Liquid Magnetically Stabilised Fluidised Bed Using Electrical Resistance Tomography
Y Y Hou, M Wang, R Holt, R A Williams

Application of Process Tomography as a Tool for Better Understanding of Fluidization Quality in a Conventional Fluidized Bed
Y T Makkawi, P C Wright

Progress of the ECT Application in Dust-Air Explosibility Research
A Plaskowski, T Piotrowski, M Fraczak, B Zygmunt, B Hancyk

Structure of Transaxial Flow in a Powder Mixer
B F C Laurent, J Bridgwater and D J Parker

Tomographic Measurements of Solids Mass Flow in Pneumatic Conveying. What Do We Need to Know About the Flow Physics?
A J Jaworski, T Dyakowski

Positron Imaging Studies of Rotating Drums
D J Parker, R N G Forster, P Fowles, Y Ding, J P K Seville

The Flow of Solution and Crystals in a Draft Tube Crystalliser Investigated Using Positron Emission Particle Tracking
G S M van Beuzekom, M D de Jong, Z I Kolar, H J M Kramer, B Scarlett

Software II: Electrical Impedance Tomography

Using Process Tomography as a Sensor in a System for Controlling Concentration in Fluid Flow
S Duncan

Considerations in Electrical Impedance Imaging
N Polydorides, W R B Lionheart, H McCann

Sensitivity Theorem Based Inverse Solution Using Conjugate Gradients Methods for Electrical Impedance Tomography
M Wang

Finite Element Optimizations for Efficient Non-Linear Electrical Tomography Reconstruction
M Molinari, H Fangohr, J Generowicz, S J Cox

Imaging Rangeability of Particular ERT Reconstruction Algorithms
Y Ma, M Wang, Z Zheng, Y Wu, N Holliday

Efficient Non-Linear 3D Electrical Tomography Reconstruction
M Molinari, S J Cox, B H Blott, G J Daniell

Total Variation Regularisation in EIT Reconstruction
A Borsic, C N McLeod, W R B Lionheart

Overview IV

Software for Improved Imaging
J P Kaipio

Software III: Higher Energy Modalities

Automatic Evaluation of 3D-CT Data Without CAD Information
S Oeckl, U Hassler, T Wenzel, R Hanke

X-Ray Microtomography Facilitated Modelling of Microstructures
X Jia, N Gopinathan, R A Williams, C N Eberhardt, A R Clarke

Three Dimensional Reconstruction of 99mTc Distribution by Using Coded Aperture ECT
T Ito, H Otake, T Inoue, K Endo

Synchrotron Radiation-Based Microtomography: Capabilities and Applications
E Boller, P Cloetens, W Ludwig, S Nuzzo, J Baruchel

Microwave Tomographic Imaging of Dielectric Objects Using Newton-Kantorovich Algorithms
Z Wu, H McCann, L E Davis, A Boughriet, A T Nugroho

Hardware III: Electrical Resistance / Impedance Systems

A High Adaptive Electrical Impedance Sensing System For Flow Measurement
M Wang, W Yin

Current Pulse Technique for Electrical Resistance Tomography Measurements
E W Randall, A J Wilkinson, J J Cilliers, W Xie, S J Neethling

A High Speed, Multi-Frequency Impedance Analysing Node
S J Dickinson, A J Peyton

Problems of the Data Acquisition Rate for Impedance Tomography
Z Szczepanik, Z Rucki

Phase Measurement in Biomedical Magnetic Induction Tomography
S Watson, R J Williams, W Gough , A Morris, H Griffiths

Gas-Water Flow Interface Characterisation Using Electrical Resistance Tomography
M Wang, Z Zhen, Y Ma, D Li, L Lao, R A Williams, Y Wu, B Hoyle

Identification of Two-Phase Flow Regime Using Electrical Resistance Tomography
F Dong, X P Liu, X Deng, L J Xu, L-A Xu

Overview V

Selecting the Technology for the Application
E A Hammer

Hardware IV: Electrical Capacitance Systems

Developments in Electrical Capacitance Tomography
M Byars

Towards the Development of a Multiple-Frequency ECT System
D Georgakopoulos, R C Waterfall, W Q Yang

Advance in AC-based Capacitance Tomography System
W Q Yang

Cost Effective Loading of Road Tankers Using Process Tomography
R Deloughry, M Young , E Pickup, L Barratt

Impedance Analyser Based Tomography System
A Chondronasios, W Q Yang, V T Nguyen

A Novel Capacitance Measurement Circuit for Electrical Capacitance Tomography
B L Wang, Z Y Huang, H Q Li

Key Issues in the Design of a Capacitance Transducer for Tomography
D Georgakopoulos and W Q Yang

Analysis of Non-Ideal Characteristics of an AC-Based Capacitance Transducer for Tomography
J C Gamio, W Q Yang, A L Stott

Applicability of Electrical Capacitance Tomography to the Study of Gasoline Direct Injection Sprays and Combustion
W C Sanders, S L Ceccio, V Sick

Applications III: Gas-Liquid Flows

The Combined Use of Flow Visualisation, Electrical Resistance Tomography and Computational Fluid Dynamics Modelling to Study Mixing in a Pipe
R B White, K Simic, P R Strode

Application of Electrical Capacitance Measurements to Study the Collapse of Oil Foams
D Pacho, G Davies

Modelling Flow of Water and Air in Reconstructed Structures of Porous Media
P Lehmann, M Krafczyk, A Gygi, A Flisch, P Wyss, H Flühler

Determination of Flow Patterns and Void Fraction of Multiphase Flows Using Electrical Capacitance Tomography
A E Corlett

Water Concentrations and Interface Positions by Single Electrode Capacitance Probes (SeCaP™)
R B Schüller, T Solbakken, B Engebretsen, M Halleraker

Demonstration of a Novel Retrofit Tomography Baffle Cage for Gas-liquid Mixing Studies Under Intense Operating Conditions
M Cooke, G Bolton, D H Jones, D Housley

Singularity Image Method for Electrical Impedance Tomography of Bubbly Flows
C Huang, J Lee, W W Schultz, S L Ceccio

Measurement of the Gas Phase Velocity in Gas-Liquid Flows Using a Dual-Plane ERT System
X Deng, F Dong, L J Xu, X P Liu, L A Xu

Analysis of Electrical Resistance Tomography Measurements Obtained in a Bubble Column: Dynamic Aspects, First Results
E Fransolet, M Crine, G L’Homme, D Toye, P Marchot

Applications IV: Control Inspection and Safety

NMR for Process Control: Imaging and Localized NMR in Soft Matter
B Blümich

A Case Study Demonstrating Automatic Interpretation and Optimization of Regularization for Electrical Resistance Tomography
R M West, H S Tapp, D M Spink, M A Bennett, R A Williams

Digital MicroLaminography for High-Resolution Inspection of Electronic Assemblies
A Sasov

Influence of Unsharpness on Crack Length Evaluation with Computerized Tomography Methods
A V Likhachov, V V Pickalov, U Ewert, B Redmer

Process Tomography for Contamination Detection in Liquid Foods: A Feasibility Study
G T Bolton, U Sharif

Flow Regime Identification and Optimum Interfacial Area Control of Bubble Columns Using Electrical Impedance Imaging
M Wang, X Jia, M Bennett, R A Williams

Software IV: Other Modalities

Image Segmentation Algorithms for Industrial Process Tomography
D Sankowski, A Plaskowski, V Mosorov, K Strzecha, S Jezewski

Scattered Radiation Problem in Three-Dimensional Transmission Tomography
A V Likhachov, V V Pickalov

Direct Flow Process Estimations From Tomographic Data Using Artificial Neural Systems
J Mohamad-Saleh, B S Hoyle, F J W Podd, D M Spink

Optimisation of a Gamma-Tomograph for Imaging Dense Phase Flow
M Campbell, J Sun, J M Crowther, A S Eadie, E A Knight, P Marjanovic, P A Wallace

Appendix I: Late Papers

Statistical Estimation Theory Approach for the Dynamic Image Reconstruction
G-R Tillack, V M Artemiev, A O Naumov

A Regularized Multivariate Linear Regression Image Reconstruction Algorithm for ERT
Y Wei, J Zhao, S Wang

Analytical Solution to the Three Dimensional Electrical Forward Problem for an Elliptical Cylinder
F Kleinermann, N J Avis and F A Alhargan

Mathematical and Experimental Investigation of the Quasi-Static Conditions for Multi-Frequency Electrical Impedance Tomography
F Kleinermann, N J Avis, F A Alhargan